Cappadocia is a historic region in central Turkey, best known for its otherworldly landscape shaped by volcanic activity and erosion over millions of years. Soft volcanic rock formed distinctive features called “fairy chimneys,” along with deep valleys, rock cones, and cave-like formations. The region includes towns such as Göreme, Ürgüp, and Avanos, and much of it is protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its unique geology and cultural significance.

Beyond its natural beauty, Cappadocia has a long and layered human history. Early inhabitants carved homes, churches, and entire underground cities into the rock to escape invasions and harsh weather, some dating back to the Hittites and early Christians. Many of these rock-cut churches are decorated with well-preserved Byzantine frescoes. Today, Cappadocia is also famous for its hot air balloon rides at sunrise, offering sweeping views of the surreal terrain and blending ancient history with modern tourism.